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Categories
Grades 7-8,
Grades 9-10,
Grades 11-12

Preliminary Round I
November 15, 2025
Registration deadline
November 13, 2025

Preliminary Round II
December 20, 2025
Registration deadline
December 18, 2025

Global Final
March 24-30, 2026
Registration deadline
February 1, 2026

Welcome to the Brainiacs History Olympiad!

50 Q Preliminary
45+8 Q Global Final

75 min Preliminary
120+120 min Global Final

English, Russian,
French, and Spanish

MECHANICS

Brainiacs History Olympiad Mechanics
The Brainiacs History Olympiad is a globally renowned competition aimed at encouraging creativity, innovation, and academic excellence in students from Grade 7 to Grade 12. The Olympiad is structured into two main stages: the Preliminary Round and the Global Round.

 

PRELIMINARY ROUND

 

Registration
Students can register for the Olympiad through the official Brainiacs Olympiad website or via authorized representatives in their respective countries.

 

Dates
The online qualifying exams for the Preliminary Round are scheduled for:

  • Online I: – November 15, 2025 (Registration deadline: November 14, 2025)
  • Online I Results: November 20, 2025
  • Online II: – December 20, 2025 (Registration deadline: December 19, 2025)
  • Online II Results: – December 25, 2025

The two online rounds are the same, but feature different questions. Those who did not qualify for the global round in the first online round, along with those who were absent from the first round, can participate in the second round.

 

Format
The exam consists of 50 questions divided into three levels of difficulty:

  • Easy: 15 questions
  • Normal: 20 questions
  • Difficult: 15 questions

The exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions to be completed within 75 minutes. Questions are tailored to the participant’s educational level and divided into the following categories:

  • Category 1: Grades 7 and 8
  • Category 2: Grades 9 and 10
  • Category 3: Grades 11 and 12

 

Scoring

  • Easy Questions: +1 points for each correct answer
  • Normal Questions: +2 points for each correct answer
  • Difficult Questions: +3 points for each correct answer
  • Incorrect Answer: No negative marking for any question
  • Unanswered Questions: No points deducted

 

Qualification
Participants scoring at least 40% in the Preliminary Round qualify for the Global Round. Every participant receives a Certificate of Participation.

 

Recognition
In the Preliminary Round, medals are awarded based on the points earned by the participants:

  • 40 to 49 : Honorable Mention Certificate
  • 50 to 74 : Bronze Medal
  • 75 to 89 : Silver Medal
  • 90 to 100 : Gold Medal

 

GLOBAL ROUND

 

The Global Round is the final stage of the competition, where participants showcase their knowledge and ability.

 

Registration
Students can register for the Olympiad through the official Brainiacs Olympiad website or via authorized representatives in their respective countries.

 

Dates and Venue
Global Round of the 2nd Brainiacs Olympiad will take place in Xiamen University Malaysia from March 24 to 30, 2026.

  • Standard Registration Deadline: February 1, 2026
  • Late Registration Deadline: March 1, 2026

 

Exam Days
Global Round exam format is different from Preliminary Round. It has both Theoretical and Practical parts separated in two consecutive examination days.

 

Day 1. Theoretical Part
This is the traditional portion of a history exam – it tests understanding of historical events, reasoning, and analytical interpretation of sources.
Examples:

  • Answering questions about key events, figures, and periods (e.g., “What were the main causes of World War I?”)
  • Explaining historical processes or changes over time (e.g., revolutions, reforms, discoveries)
  • Analyzing primary or secondary sources and drawing conclusions
  • Short-answer or multiple-choice conceptual questions on chronology, causes, and effects

Purpose:
To test historical knowledge, critical thinking, interpretation of evidence, and the ability to explain and connect events within broader historical contexts.

 

Day 1. Exam Format
The exam consists of 45 questions divided into three levels of difficulty:

  • Easy: 10 multiple-choice questions
  • Normal: 15 multiple-choice questions
  • Difficult: 10 multiple-choice questions
  • Open-ended (History Bowl Questions): 10 questions

The exam consists of 35 multiple-choice and 10 open-ended questions to be completed within 120 minutes.

 

Day 1. Exam Scoring

  • Easy Questions: +1 points for each correct answer
  • Normal Questions: +2 points for each correct answer
  • Difficult Questions: +3 points for each correct answer
  • History Bowl Questions: +3 points for full correct and answer
  • Incorrect Answer: No negative marking for any question
  • Unanswered Question: No points deducted

 

Day 2. Practical Part
The practical part checks how students can apply historical knowledge and analytical skills in real-world or investigative situations (using sources, data, or historical evidence).
Examples:

  • Analyzing historical documents, maps, photos, or statistics to draw conclusions
  • Creating or interpreting timelines of events or developments
  • Comparing different historical viewpoints or interpretations
  • Conducting a short investigation on a historical question (e.g., “How did industrialization change urban life?”)

Purpose:
To test application of knowledge, source analysis, interpretation, research, and the ability to use evidence to support historical understanding.

 

Day 2. Exam Format
The exam consists of 8 questions:

  • Source-Based Questions – Textual and visual analysis: 4 questions
  • Essay Writing/Long Answers: 4 questions

Source-Based Questions – Textual and Visual Analysis
These tasks assess students’ ability to interpret and analyze historical sources such as texts, maps, photographs, letters, or political cartoons. Participants are expected to extract key information, identify bias or perspective, and connect the source to historical events or contexts.

To receive a high score, the participant must provide a well-reasoned and coherent analysis that:

  • Accurately interprets the content and purpose of the source
  • Explains its historical significance or context
  • Draws logical conclusions supported by evidence from the source
  • Demonstrates critical thinking and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in history
  • Compare the data given in the questions

Essay Writing/Long Answers – Argumentation and critical thinking (to receive a high score, the participant must provide a well-developed response containing no fewer than 80 words. The answer should be logical, meaningful, reflect an understanding of the topic, and demonstrate the ability to support one’s point of view with arguments.)

The exam is to be completed within 120 minutes.

 

Day 2. Exam Scoring

  • Source-Based Questions – Textual and visual analysis: +15 points for fully correct answer
  • Essay Writing/Long Answers: +10 points for fully correct answer
  • Incorrect Answer: No negative marking for any question
  • Unanswered Question: No points deducted

 

Global Round Recognition
In the Global Round, medals are awarded based on the percentage distribution according to the number of participants.

  • The top 10% (0-10%) of participants receive gold medals.
  • The next 20% (11-30%) of participants receive silver medals.
  • The next 30% (31-60%) of participants receive bronze medals.
  • The next 15% (61-75%) receive honorable mentions.

 

Languages
All of the questions in Preliminary and Global Rounds will be in 4 languages: English, Russian, French, and Spanish.

SYLLABUS

OVERVIEW

ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

While the Olympiad may include written exams, source analysis, and oral rounds, participants should be prepared to:

  • Demonstrate factual knowledge of key historical content.
  • Interpret primary and secondary sources critically.
  • Construct arguments and respond to historical questions.
  • Analyze change over time and across regions.
  • Compare developments between different societies and eras.

 

RECOMMENDED STUDY APPROACHES

  • Engage with historical atlases, timelines, and primary documents.
  • Practice essay writing and analytical reasoning.
  • Study historical films, documentaries, and biographies.
  • Collaborate in discussions and debates on historical topics.
  • Follow guided reading from recommended academic history texts.

FOUNDATIONS AND CIVILIZATIONS

EARLY HUMAN SOCIETIES AND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

  • Hunter-gatherer communities
  • The Neolithic Revolution and domestication
  • Settlement patterns and geography

 

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

  • Mesopotamia
  • Ancient Egypt
  • Indus Valley
  • Early China

 

AMERICAS AND AFRICA IN ANTIQUITY

  • Mesoamerican civilizations (Olmec, Maya)
  • Andean civilizations (Chavin, Moche)
  • Kingdom of Aksum
  • Early Sub-Saharan cultures

 

CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS

  • Ancient Greece: city-states, democracy, culture
  • Ancient Rome: Republic, Empire, law, and engineering
  • Maurya and Gupta Empires in India
  • Qin and Han Dynasties in China
  • Persian Empire and cultural tolerance

 

RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS

  • Origins and development of: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam
  • Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
  • Spread of religions through trade, conquest, and missionaries

 

MEDIEVAL EMPIRES AND FEUDAL SOCIETIES

  • Sassanid and Kushan Empires
  • Byzantine Empire
  • Islamic Caliphates
  • Feudal Europe and Asia: roles, classes, and governance
  • The Crusades: causes, events, consequences

 

REGIONAL POWERS AND STATES

  • Samanid State
  • Mongol Empire and Pax Mongolica
  • Timurid State
  • The Holy Roman Empire
  • The Kingdoms of France, England, Iberia
  • Papal States and the Catholic Church
  • The Delhi Sultanate
  • Vijayanagara Empire
  • Medieval African Kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Great
  • Zimbabwe, Swahili States

 

TRANSITION TO THE MODERN ERA

  • The Renaissance: art, science, humanism (1350-1600)
  • The Reformation and religious transformation
  • Age of Exploration and its global impact

GLOBAL CONTACT AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD

CRISIS AND ABSOLUTISM IN EUROPE

  • Political fragmentation and religious conflict in post-Reformation Europe
  • Rise of absolute monarchies: France, Spain, Austria, and Russia
  • The English Civil War and constitutional monarchy
  • Impact on governance and society

 

THE MUSLIM WORLD (1450-1750)

  • The Ottoman Empire: expansion, administration, and cultural achievements
  • The Safavid Empire: political structure, and relations with neighbors
  • The Mughal Dynasty: religious tolerance, architecture, and British contact

 

THE EAST ASIAN WORLD (1500-1800)

  • The Ming and Qing Dynasties: governance, isolation, and foreign contact
  • Tokugawa Japan: feudal system, sakoku policy, and cultural flourishing
  • Korea under the Joseon Dynasty: Confucianism, invasions, and scholarship

 

REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT (1600-1800)

  • The Scientific Revolution: key figures and breakthroughs
  • Enlightenment thinkers: Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu
  • The American Revolution: causes, course, and consequences
  • The French Revolution: origins, radical phase, and Napoleonic era

 

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM (1800-1870)

  • The Industrial Revolution: innovations, social impacts, and global spread
  • Reactions to industrial society: socialism, liberalism, labor movements
  • Nationalism and unification movements in Italy and Germany
  • Romanticism and Realism in literature and art

 

IMPERIALISM AND GLOBAL EXPANSION (1800-1914)

  • The «Scramble for Africa» and European colonialism
  • British Rule in India: administration, resistance, and impact
  • Nation-building and independence in Latin America
  • Imperial rivalries and economic exploitation

 

SOCIAL CHANGE AND MASS SOCIETY (1870-1914)

  • Expansion of suffrage and democratic institutions
  • Rise of mass media, consumer culture, and urban life
  • Developments in science, education, and women’s rights
  • The national state and identity formation

 

THE WORLD ON THE EVE OF GLOBAL WAR

  • Shifts in global power dynamics and colonial tensions
  • Progress and discontent at the turn of the century
  • Militarism, alliances, and nationalism in Europe
  • Social unrest and reform movements

 

WORLD WAR I AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

  • The Great War: causes, stalemate (1914-1916), and new warfare
  • The Russian Revolution: 1917 events, Lenin, and the rise of Soviet power
  • Post-war treaties and the struggle for peace

 

THE INTERWAR PERIOD AND GLOBAL CRISIS (1919-1939)

  • The West between the wars: instability and change
  • The Great Crash and the Great Depression (1929-1941)
  • The New Deal and responses to economic crisis
  • The League of Nations: success, failure, and diplomacy
  • Rise of totalitarian regimes
  • Cultural and intellectual trends of the 1920s-1930s

 

NATIONALISM AROUND THE WORLD (1919-1939)

  • Anti-colonial movements in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East
  • Latin American populism and reform movements
  • Japan’s expansionism and militarism

MODERN WORLD AND GLOBAL CONFLICT

WORLD WAR II AND ITS GLOBAL IMPACT (1939-1945)

  • Causes of World War II: Treaty of Versailles, fascism, appeasement, and expansionism
  • Major theatres and turning points of the war
  • The Holocaust and crimes against humanity
  • Role of colonial soldiers and resistance movements
  • Atomic bombings, the end of the war, and global aftermath

 

THE POST-WAR WORLD AND RECONSTRUCTION (1945-1955)

  • Post-war Europe: devastation, displacement, and recovery (1945-1947)
  • The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
  • Nuremberg Trials and the redefinition of international justice
  • The United Nations and post-war global governance
  • U.S. and the Beginning of the Cold War (1945–1948)
  • Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Berlin Crisis

 

COLD WAR AND GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS (1945-1970)

A. Ideological Division and Rival Blocs

  • Formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
  • The Iron Curtain: Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
  • Western Europe: economic recovery and political realignment
  • United States domestic and foreign policy during early Cold War

B. The Global South and Decolonization

  • End of European dominance in the Middle East (1919–1980)
  • Decolonization in Africa and Asia: India, Algeria, Congo, Vietnam
  • The emergence of non-aligned movements
  • Struggles for independence and post-colonial challenges

 

REGIONAL CONFLICTS AND COLD WAR FLASHPOINTS

  • The Eisenhower and Kennedy Years (1954-1963): containment, brinkmanship, space race
  • Turmoil in Southeast Asia: independence movements and regional instability
  • The Vietnam War: causes, escalation, and consequences
  • U.S.-Soviet relations and crises (Cuban Missile Crisis, arms control, detente)

 

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS (1945-PRESENT)

A. Latin America

  • Cold War interventions and revolutionary movements
  • Military dictatorships, social unrest, and democratization
  • Economic dependency and reform

B. Africa and the Middle East

  • Post-colonial governance and nation-building
  • Apartheid and liberation in Southern Africa

C. Asia and the Pacific

  • Economic transformation: Japan’s recovery, Asian Tigers
  • China’s political and economic shifts
  • The Korean War and continued division

 

EVOLVING SUPERPOWER RELATIONS (POST-1963)

  • U.S. and Soviet Union after 1963: competition, cooperation, and transformation
  • Detente, SALT treaties, and late Cold War policies
  • The fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of the USSR (1989-1991)
  • End of bipolarity and the birth of a multipolar world

 

THE CONTEMPORARY WESTERN WORLD (1970-PRESENT)

  • Political change in Western Europe and North America
  • Rise of neoliberalism and conservative movements
  • Cultural revolutions, gender rights, and digital transformation
  • Integration: EU, NAFTA, and international institutions

 

GLOBALIZATION AND THE NEW MILLENNIUM

  • From Cold War to global interdependence
  • Scientific and technological revolutions
  • Environmental challenges, climate change, and sustainability
  • Economic globalization and labor migration

 

HUMAN RIGHTS AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

  • Evolution of human rights frameworks
  • Role of the UN, ICC, WHO, and international organizations
  • Refugee crises and humanitarian interventions
  • Challenges of sovereignty vs. global cooperation
  • Sustainable Development Goals and the future of global citizenship

DOWNLOAD

SAMPLE PAPERS & MATERIALS

Practice with these examples to understand the format, sharpen your skills, and prepare for the challenges ahead.

SAMPLE PAPERS

Category I (7-8)
SAMPLE PAPER

Category II (9-10)
SAMPLE PAPER

Category III (11-12)
SAMPLE PAPER

SYLLABUS

MECHANICS

Understand the Past. Shape the Future.

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